(TILLANDSIA)

Updated by Derek Butcher & Eric Gouda: 10-02-2020 10:35:45.

1	STAMENS & STYLE	Shorter or equalling petals.	82
		Longer than petals.	2
2	INFLORESCENCE	Compound	29
		Compound distichous at base simple &	eltoniana
		polystichous at top, petals pale lilac
		Simple	3
		Simple distichous at top, polystichous at base	subinflata
3	FLOWER	Distichously on rhachis.	10
		Spirally on rhachis or	4
		inflorescence only 2-5 flowered.
4	SEPAL	ca 3.4 cm long	4A
		Up to 2.8 cm long	5
4A	SEPAL	3.4 cm long densely lepidote.	macdougallii
		3.3 to 4.6 cm long,densely lepidote, acute, leaf	tecolometl
		sheaths 5 to 10 cm long, , Inflo 9-19 cm long
		3.3 cm long, glabrous. Leaf blade to 14 cm long	velickiana
		pruinose. Sheath light brown.
5	LEAF SHEATH	Brown to dark brownish black contrasting	oaxacana
		with green blades, making a loose bulbose
		rosette, sepaks densely lepidote, petals to 6 cm
		as for oaxacana but blades densely lepidote	pseudooaxacana
		sepals almost glabrous, petals to 4.3 cm
		otherwise	6
6	LEAF	Thin grasslike. Scape to 45 cm. Inflorescence	setiformis
		long and narrow. ( Inflorescence usually compound
		with distichous spikes )
		Not thin grasslike	6A
6A	SCAPE	Very short or missing. 2-5 flowered	7
		3-7 cm long	8
7	SCAPE	Short. Leaf robust, awllike ca. 6cm long.	scaposa
		Missing	7A
7A	LEAF	thin,filiform 10-15 cm long	magnusiana
		robust, narrow-triangular, 5 - 7 cm long, 1 cm	kammii
		wide. Inner leaves showing a pinkish tinge at
		anthesis
		robust, awllike ca 6 cm long, 5 mm wide	ionantha
		inner leaves turning red at anthesis.
		ionantha with leaves red at all times	var stricta
		ionantha with leaves red at all times, tightly	stricta forma fastigiata
		compressed
		ionantha but caulescent, floral bracts glabrous	var maxima
		ionantha but caulescent, floral bracts dense	var vanhyningii
		trichomes
8	FLORAL BRACT	Glabrous, Light red. Inflorescence hanging	andrieuxii
		Dense grey scales	9
9	PLANT	With short stem. Scape 6 - 7cm long	hondurensis
		Leaf blade 2 cm wide at base, 10cm long.
		Floral bract and sepal glabrous
		With long stem to 80 cm long. Scape	harrisii
		to 12 cm long. Leaf blade 1.5 cm wide, 15cm
		ling. Floral bract and sepal lepidote
10 (3)	FLOWER	Spaced out on rhachis or rhachis clearly	11
		visible.
		Closely arranged on rhachis.	12
		Inflorescence often sword shaped.
11	LEAF	Thin, filiform evenly spaced 3 -7 cm long with	fuchsii
		the sheaths forming a globose bulb.
		Flowers very lax.
		Key to varieties of T. fuchsii
		1Inflorescence red 2
		1.Inflorescence greenish brown var stephanii
		2.Leafblades angled and succulent at base var fuchsii
		2.Leafblades narrow filiform forma gracilis
		Not filiform	11A
11A	LEAF	Blade to 10cm long, awllike, upright with	ariza- juliae
		the sheath forming an oblong bulb.
		Inflorescence almost sword shaped.
		Not forming a bulb.	11B
11B	INFLORESCENCE	1 cm wide to 9 cm long, Leaf blade to 16 cm	pueblensis
		long, narrow triangular (10 mm wide)
		Inflorescence laxly 5 - 7 flowered
		3 - 5 cm wide, 5 cm - 30 cm long, Leaf blade	barclayana
		15 mm wide, inflorescence 9 - 25 flowered
		Petals appendaged
		Like type but smaller	barclayana v. minor
12	PLANT	Not bulbose	16
		Bulb forming at base or slender flask forming.	13
13	PLANT	Thick with grey rough spreading	15
		scales giving a frosted look.
		With appressed scales.	14
14	LEAFBLADE	Not grooved	14A
		Strongly grooved, narrow triangular tapering	circinnatoides
		to a point, upright, tip often bent one way.
14A	FLORAL BRACT	Green, leaf sheaths 2.6 cm wide	turquinensis
		Leaf blades narrow triangular grey green
		but reddish especially top third.
		pale rose, lepidote leaves grey green	baileyi
15	LEAF	Almost disk shaped sheath,abruptly	pruinosa
		becoming awllike,then contorted filiform
		towards the tip, 2-4 mm diameter.
		Floral bract keeled at the
		tip. Inflorescence 3 - 4 cm wide.
		Sheath spoon shaped merging into short blade	weberi
		with longitudinal nerves like circinnatoides
		Spike to 14 cm long, 6 - 8mm wide, bracts pink
		and lepidote
		Sheath spoon-shaped merging into blade	delicata
		which is to 10cm long, scape very short,
		inflorescence 4 - 5cm long, 2.5 - 3cm wide,
		bracts bright red
		Broadly ovate sheath gradually becoming	klausii
		narrow triangular,erect to spreading. Floral
		bract not keeled. Inflorescence 3 - 8 cm. long.
16 (12)	PLANT	Long stems	werdermannii
		Sessile, occasionally with short stem	17
17	PLANT	Not with thin grass like leaves	19
		With thin grasslike leaves	18
18	LEAF SHEATH	Thin triangular (8 - 15 mm wide)	18A
		Broad,oval (ca 30mm wide),Leathery brown	ortgiesiana
		Leaf blade 6 mm wide, with thin lines.
		floral bracts glabrous
18A	LEAVES	Leaves in 5 rows (rarely 4 ).(looking down from	pentasticha
		top seems starshaped), dense brown.
		not in rows, green, stolons to 8 cm long, lax	nolleriana
		pseudobulb, floral bracts to 2.7 cm
		not in rows, dark green, floral bracts 3.5-4 cm	sessemocinoi
		not in rows, dense grey lepidote, floral bracts	floresensis
		shiny dark red, slightly exceeding sepals
19	FLOWER	Reddish lilac, leaf short, stiff, hard, pungent	concolor
		Not reddish lilac	20
20	INFLORESCENCE	Hanging	schatzlii
		Upright	21
21	LEAF	Thin, triangular, spreading wide	23
		"to recurved; long"
		Thin, triangular,often secund, dense coarse	mitlaensis
		pruinose. Petals dark violet often with white at
		extreme tip
		mitlaensis with caulescent stem, leaves with	mitlaensis var tulensis
		appressed scales
		Broad, triangular, erect,stiff	22
22	INFLORESCENCE	Sword shaped to 50 cm long	califani
		Floral bract pale carmine red, scales white
		Flower dark blue violet
		Not over 15 cm long. Floral bract green or pink.	circinnatoides
23	PETAL	4 - 7 cm long	24
		3-3.5 cm long, leaf sheath distinct blackish	melanocrater
		brown
		to 3cm long, magenta, sepal to 13mm long,	adamsii
		floral bracts flattened, thin
		to 3.5 cm long, sepal 1.5cm long. Floral bracts	rhomboidea
		rigid, inflated, light red.
24	FLORAL BRACT	glabrous	25
		Dense grey scales	27
		Sparsely lepidote, rose purple, median nerve	rhomboidea
		prominent, twice as long as sepals.
		glabrous but for dense pale lepidote at tip and	tricolor
		top edge. Sepal 2cm long
		tricolor but plant flowering 25-35 cm high, leaf	tricolor var picta
		sheaths more or less pale maculate
25	SPIKE	7.5 cm wide	jalisco monticola
		4 cm wide	26
		to 2.5 cm wide	tricolor
26	FLORAL BRACT	Beaked, complanate, prominently nerved	fasciculata v
		or ridged. From mainland	venosispica
		lower ones rose coloured, upper ones bright	magnispica
		green, with pungent apex, to5.5 cm long
		apricot or salmon, with chalky covering	salmonea
		petals dark violet
		Yellow or rusty orange, beaked, inflated	compressa
		to complanate. From Caribbean Islands
27	SEPAL	free	chiapensis
		fused for 6 mm	elizabethae
		(Renate Ehlers - inflorescence can
		be simple or up to 9 )
29 (2)	PLANT	Not with grasslike leaves	32
		with thin grasslike leaves	30
30	LEAF	green. Flower spike bent, spreading, floral	festucoides
		bracts pink
		green, flower spike erect, floral bracts green	boringensis
		grey or brown scaled	30A
30A	LEAF	grey scaled	31
		brown scaled. Leaves in 5 rows (rarely 4 )	pentasticha
		looking down from top seems star shaped
		brown scaled sheath, grey scaled blade, Infl.	loxichaensis
		15cm x 5-7cm, with up to 8 erect spikes
31	INFLORESCENCE	Capitate, spike short and closely digitate	juncea
		Not capitate	31A
31A	INFLORESCENCE	12 cm long. Scape bract grey	31B
		green. Floral bract hides sepal.
		8-15 cm long, scape bract grey reducing from	comulcoensis
		20 cm long, secund rosette
		To 20 cm long. Scape bract carmine red at	hammeri
		base. Floral bract shorter than sepal
		10-20 cm long, leaves green grey, floral bracts	nizandaensis
		exceeding sepals
31B	INFLORESCENCE	Spikes turned edgewise to axis	setacea
		Only 2 spikes, elliptic with narrow sterile base,	gracillima
		lax
		Spikes with flat side to axis	31C
31C	FLORAL BRACT	to 4cm long. Petals to 6cm long	setiformis
		Primary bracts as long as lower spike
		Note: this plant has been distributed in Germany
		and probably elsewhere as T. chaetophylla by Lau
		to 16mm long. Petals to 4.5cm long	31D
		Primary bracts usually much shorter than the
		lower spikes
31D	LEAF SHEATH	triangular, 1.5-2cm wide, blade20-40cm long	bartramii
		by 1-2cm wide
		elliptic, blade 15-32cm long, floral bracts 17-23	occulta
		mm long mainly green
		ovate, 1.5 - 2cm wide. blade 20-40cm long,	simulata
		floral bracts 14-18mm long mainly pinkish
32	SCAPE	Long, or protruding from the leaf rosette	44
		Short or missing, not protruding from the leaf	32A
		rosette
32A	SCAPE	Missing. Plant bulblike 2 - 2.5 cm wide	diguetii
		Short or long (not specifically defined)	33
		almost as long as the leaves, erect, Inflo. to	paraisoensis
		30cm long, bipinnate, floral bracts yellow green
		shorter or as long as the leaves, crimson red.	pinicola
		inflor 40-60 cm high, bipinnate, branches at
		45-60 degrees, floral bracts green but crimson at
		anthesis, exceeded by sepals
33	INFLORESCENCE	Thick,cone shaped, spike with	imperialis
		light red primary bract
		Candle shaped spike, to 25cm long, Primary	candelifera
		bracts hide spike which are 3 flowered
		Not coned shaped	34
34	FLORAL BRACT	Glabrous	40
		white waxy	34A
		More or less scaled	35
34A	FLORAL BRACT	Inflated, to 3.2 cm long, fleshy	cretacea
		Narrow oval, to 4.2 x 1.7cm, thick leathery	zaragozaensis
35	BASE of PLANT	Bulb like	35A
		Not Bulb like	36
35A	BULB	To 8 cm wide, 10 cm high. Inflorescence capitate	ehlersiana
		Spike 3 cm long, 1.8 cm wide. Sepals free.
		Slender, 3 - 4 cm broad	35B
35B	FLORAL BRACT	Much exceeding the sepals, spike to 7 cm long	pruinosa
		to 4cm wide. Tight bulb
		Shorter than sepals, spike 10 12cm x 1cm,	lydiae
		tubular bulb
		Shorter than sepals, spike to 4 cm long to 3 cm	praschekii
		wide. Loose bulb
36	SPIKE	2 - 4 flowers	37
		1-2 flowers, spikes hidden in primary bracts,	cryptantha
		sepals free
		5 or more flowers	38
37	LEAF	Blades grey scaled. Inflorescence upright.	capitata
		Blades green with inconspicuous scales. Spike	abdita now bradeana
		2 flowered. Floral bracts and sepals lepidote.
38	SPIKE	5 - 6 flowered	38A
		5 - 10 flowered in a fusiform inflorescence	aguascalientensis
		20 - 40 cm long, floral bracts distinctly nerved
		and lepidote at tip and margins
		5-14 flowered, 10-15 cm long inflor once	santosiae
		branched, 2-5 side branches, rachis visible
		floral b. nearly glabrous, red or yellowish
		8 or more flowered, sword shaped	38B
38A	SPIKE	Roundish, lax	vernardoi (socialis)
		flat, 4-6.5 cm long, inflor 15-30 cm long, partly	tecpanensis
		erect but often bent over, floral bracts 2-2.6 cm
		long about equalling the sepals
		Flat. Inflorescence narrow spindle shaped	tillandsioides
		Petals appendaged
		flat, Inflor bipinnate with 4-6 spikes, leaf sheaths	rangelensis
		4x 3 cm castaneous
38B	INFLORESCENCE	More or less straight to erect	38C
		Bent, to 70cm long, tripinnate at base, 7-20 side	rubrispica
		spikes spreading to erect
		Bent with side spikes at right angles.	copanensis
		Each spike resembles T. califani
38C	LEAF	Green grey.	38D
		Grey scaled	39
38D	FLORAL BRACT	Densely lepidote, keeled. Sepals lepidote.	calothyrsus
		Lower branches of inflorescence much divided
		(Renate Ehlers - Inflorescence often bipinnate )
		Sparsely lepidote both sides, keeled. Sepals	parryi
		glabrous, petals violet with concealed
		base white
		Minutely punctulate lepidote outside, glabrous	tonalaensis
		inside, keeled, sepals glabrous, petals dark
		violet with white edges
39	INFLORESCENCE	To 2 compound spikes. Petals dark violet,	elizabethae
		white tips, 4 cm long
		(Renate Ehlers - Inflorescence can be simple or up to 9)
		To 5 - 6 compound spikes. Petals blue, 6cm long	carlsoniae
		Cylindrical. Once branched, over 10 spikes 8-	porvenirensis
		13 cm long. petals blue, 5 cm long
		digitate to ca 10 spikes, spikes bottom half	steiropoda
		sterile
40 (34)	SPIKE	1 - 2 flowered masked by the primary bract.	40A
		3 or more flowered	41
40A	INFLORESCENCE	Capitate, peduncle 3-6 cm long, plant	riohondoensis
		caulescent, somewhat secund
		Densely capitate, primary bracts cherry-red	brachycaulos
		Sepals high connate especially posterior
		Densely capitate, primary bracts carmine-red	velutina
		Leaves velvetty to touch
		Laxly compound, 16 cm long	graebneri
		IF YOU EVER GET THIS FAR contact us
		because we doubt the existence of thi species!!
41	SPIKE	Very thin to 1.4 cm wide	42
		to 1.5cm wide, to 30cm long with 10cm long	ulrici
		peduncle, inflo lax, bipinnate at base, floral bract
		green yellow with red edges, frosted
		Over 1.5 cm wide/ 8 - 20 cm long	42E
42	SPIKE	15 - 35 cm long	42A
		3 - 10 cm long	42B
42A	INFLORESCENCE	Upright, fan forming, leaves red	flabellata
		Upright, fan forming, leaves green	flabellata
		Hanging, double compound to 1.5m long.	juerg-rutschmannii
42B	SPIKE	3 - 7 cm long	42C
		6-12 cm long, Floral bracts excced the sepals	coalcomanensis
		petals to 6.8 cm long
		9 - 10 cm long	flagellata
42C	LEAVES	Grey and rigid, petals pale blue	copalaensis
		greenish and arching	42D
42D	PRIMARY BRACT	For lower spikes, hides the spike, red.	foliosa
		For lower spikes,shorter than the spike, pink.	chlorophylla
		(Harry Luther - Bract colour red
		and maybe brighter than foliosa)
42E	INFLORESCENCE	pendent, spike 12-27cm long, 4-6cm wide	carnosa
		with long peduncle
		Key to the Varieties of Tillandsia carnosa
		1.Sterile base of the spike about twice as
		long as the fertile,floral bracts 50 mm long
		var carnosa
		1a.Sterile base of the spike shorter than
		"the fertile part; 2"
		2.Floral bracts 30 mm long remaining
		after anthesis. Sepals 25mm long
		var brevistipitata
		2a.Floral bracts 35-40 mm long, spreading after
		anthesis. Sepals 30mm long
		var longispicata
		2b.Floral bracts 45mm long, Sepals 30mm long
		var. boliviensis
		erect	43
43	SPIKE	7.5 cm wide to 20 cm long, only 2 to 3	jalisco monticola
		less than 4cm wide	43A
43A	SPIKE	erect to 30cm long	43B
		erect, less than 13cm long	43C
		spreading	43D
43B	LEAF	blades glabrous on top lepidote beneath	thyrsigera
		blades lepidote both sides	zacualpanensis
43C	SEPAL	2.6 - 3cm long, spikes erect, 5-8cm long	kuzmae
		pressed together, Dominican Republic
		1.5 cm long, only 2 spikes	rhomboidea
43D	PETALS	reddish blue, Inflo digitate, 2-4 spikes	concolor
		lavender, inflo bipinnate to 40cm long with	ventanaensis
		15-30 spikes
		violet, inflo digitate with 2-5 spikes, 8-18cm long	zoquensis
		x 4cm
44 (32)	FLORAL BRACT	Arranged close together	44A
		therefore rhachis not visible
		close together but often not totally obscuring	melanocrater
		the rhachis, leaf sheath conspicuous, blackish
		brown
		Arranged close together but rhachis barely	44B
		visible
		Arranged laxly therefore Rhachis is visible.	45
44A	SPIKE	Sword shaped, more than 4 flowered	51
		Sword-shaped, 1 to 4 flowered	44C
		Almost tubular at flowering. Primary and	subteres
		floral bracts rose, dense grey lepidote
		Almost tubular at flowering, 90cm x 2cm diam,	racinae
		Floral bracts straw coloured, glabrous
44B	SPIKE	1 - 1.2 cm wide with 2 - 9cm stipe	guenther-nolleri
		8-10 mm wide, 5-12 cm long, 2-4 cm stipe,	stoltenii
		leaves forming an almost pseudobulb
		To 2 cm wide	44D
		3.5 to 4.5 cm wide	mooreana
44C	PETALS	Dark blue-violet, floral bract equalling sepal	capitata
		Light blue-violet with white tip, floral bract	rhodocephala
		exceeding sepal, scape to 35cm long with
		scape bracts to 30cm long
44D	PETALS	with appendage	44E
		without appendage, spikes spreading, floral	atenangoensis
		bracts yellow, exceeding sepals, petals light
		violet, bottom white
		without appendage, spikes erect, sub-digitate	canescens
		to 3cm long
		without appendage, spikes spreading, floral	bochilensis
		bracts green to light orange, petals violet,
		bottom white
44E	INFLORESCENCE	Upright, the top portion bent down. Petal	olmosana
		violet blue, thin white border.	var olmosana
		Stamens exceed flower tube
		Upright, petals greenish-yellow with violet	olmosana
		edges. Stigma protruding from flower tube	var. pachamamae
		but not stamens
45	FLORAL BRACT	Longer or equalling the sepals	50
		Shorter than the sepals	46
46	FLOWER	Arranged spirally around the rhachis	spiraliflora
		Arranged distichously. Petals appendaged	hitchcockiana
		Arranged distichously around the	47
		rhachis, but sometimes twisted one way
		Petals not appendaged
47	FLORAL BRACT	Green	makoyana
		Other colours, Rose or carmine red	47A
47A	RHACHIS	Strongly angled in zigzag form. Floral bract rose.	dasyliriifolia
		Leaves thick and rigid.
		strongly angled in zigzag form, floral bract red,	tehuacana
		margin hyaline drying sometimes dark purple
		slightly lepidote
		Nearly straight	48
48	FLOWER	Arranged distichously. Floral bracts at base	extensa
		green, edges and tip carmine red
		Secund	49
49	SEPAL	4 - 5 cm long. Floral bracts 3.5 cm long.	secunda
		"secunda but p;lant flowers to 4 m high,"	secunda v major
		tri- to quadropinnate, petals to 8cm long
		2 - 2.5 cm long. Floral bracts 1 - 1.5 cm long.	ima
		mima, but plant flowers at half size eg 1.2m high	mima var chiletensis
		all parts smaller than type, viviparous
50 (45)	INFLORESCENCE	Numerous young plants in the inflorescence.	propagulifera
		Floral bracts as long as sepal, tipped violet.
		No young plants in the inflorescence.	50A
		Floral bract longer than the sepals
50A	PETAL	Dark purple, not appendaged.	socialis
		Dark purple, appendagd	werneriana
		Violet to blue violet	50B
50B	LEAF	Purple/black	leucolepis
		grey with white cross banding	hildae
		grey green. Inflor to 3 branched, branches to	escahuascensis
		45 cm long, flattened, floral bracts pink ecarinate
		green, Inflo. 10-15cm long, with 7-9 appressed	aya
		spikes to 1cm wide
		green, Inflo. Tripinnate	platyphylla
51 (44A)	LEAF	Making an open funnel shaped rosette.	59
		Base not bulbose
		Its base making a hollow, oval or	52
		cylindric to spindle shape bulb
52	LEAF BLADE	Turning into spirals, grey, spikes spreading	streptophylla
		Turning into spirals, green, to 2cm wide,	hotteana
		spikes appressed
		forming a dense infundibuliform rosette	jaguactalensis
		Inflo very dense cylindric
		Not turning into spirals	53
53	LEAF BLADE	Not round awllike nor tubular. Leaf edge	balbisiana
		" forming a groove; "
		Narrow triangular, sheaths forming an oval	smalliana
		bulb but blades spreading wide
		Round awllike. Edges turning in	54
		`grey green, long triangular, involute 30-50 cm	inopinata
		long, 2.3-2.7 cm wide at base, very long
		attenuate. Spikes 11-26.5 cm long, 1.2-2 cm wide
54	LEAF	Thick, spreading with rough scales.	seleriana
		Thin, subappressed lepidote, spikes stipitate	manzanilloensis
		Thick adpressed scales but not
		spreading or with rough scales	55
55	BULB	Green - brown blotched	butzii
		Plain not blotched	56
56	LEAF SHEATH &	With long stripes on the side. Petals purple	pseudobaileyi
		With long stripes on the side. Petals light	pseudobaileyi ssp.
		purple	yucatanensis
		Smooth not striped	57
57	FLORAL BRACT	Glabrous	caput- medusae
		Scaled	58
58	BULB	Long, cylindric	58A
		Short, oval	bulbosa
58A	SCAPE	Very long, with viviparous offsets	intermedia
		Short	paucifolia
59 (51)	PRIMARY BRACT	Shorter than the spike	68
		Longer than the spike, especially the lower ones	60
60	INFLORESCENCE	Upright or bent upward, not hanging	63
		hanging	61
61	PRIMARY BRACT -	With short sharply bent back leaf like tip.	izii
		Inflorescence long. 20-30 compound spikes.
		26 x 2cm brilliant red, much exceeding the 6cm	standleyi
		long spikes
		With long slightly bent leaf like tip	62
		Inflorescence short. 8-12 compound spikes
62	INFLORESCENCE	Laxly compound	violacea
		Thick almost capitate compound	sierra-juarezensis
63	FLOWER SPIKE	Erect, almost masked by adjacent red primary	cauliflora
		bract. Petals violet
		Erect, almost masked by adjacent pale pink	peruviana
		primary bract. Petals appearing purple-rose
		but really cream with dense violet-rose speckles
		appendaged
		Partly erect but spikes visible especially in top	belloensis
		section, floral bracts green with red edges
		very short peduncle
		Partly erect but spikes visible especially in top	pacifica
		section, floral bracts yellow green with red
		edges, long peduncle
		Spreading, visible	64
64	FLORAL BRACT	7 cm long,bright red, frosted	yunckeri
		To 5 cm long	65
65	SEPAL	All Free	67
		Posterior pair more or less connate	66
		All connate for 2-3mm, Inflo. To 50cm x 16cm	moronesensis
		spikes slightly spreading
66	FLORAL BRACT	2 cm long, pink toned, Inflorescence ca erect	variabilis
		2-2.5 cm long, pink, soon glabrous, inflor ca	vicentina var glabra
		erect. Petals 3 cm long
		4 - 4.5 cm long, green or reddish yellow,	xerographica
		Inflorescence ca erect
		3.5 - 6 cm long, rose on outside,green inside	wulfinghoffii
		Inflorescence bent
67	SPIKE	8 mm broad,lancelike, roundish, enclosed by	orogenes
		primary bracts 15 x 3cm. Inflo bent
		3 cm wide, 8cm long, primary bract to 20 cm long	roseospicata
		inflo erect
68 (59)	INFLORESCENCE	Dense	68A
		fasciculate	botteri
		fasciculate, spikes 6-19 cm long, 3-4 cm wide	grossispicata
		floral bracts fertile ones green
		Arranged laxly	69
68A	INFLORESCENCE	Cylindric to narrow spindle shaped to 30 cm	polystachia
		Cylindric with to 7 erect spikes, petals	harmsiana
		appendaged
		long elliptical, with upright spikes, 10-14 cm long	zacapanensis
		7-14 flowered, floral bracts pink lepidote
		Globose to sub globose	68B
68B	INFLORESCENCE	Globose. Spikes short 4 - 6 cm long and	rotundata
		almost as wide. Ovate
		Sub globose to 40 cm high. Spikes 15 cm by	ponderosa
		4cm wide
69	FLORAL BRACT	Glabrous or the tip scarcely scaled,	72
		or, frosty waxed, but never densely scaled
		Glabrous but for dense pale lepidote at tip and	tricolor
		top edge, exceeds sepal, sepal 2cm long
		Glabrous, yellow green with red edges and tip	crista-galli
		shorter than sepal, sepal to 3 cm long
		Densely scaled	70
70	FLORAL BRACT	Longer than sepals	71
		Shorter than sepals, leaf blade strongly	exserta
		bent back
		shorter than the sepals, inflor bent over to 150	yutaninoensis
		cm long, with more than 40 spikes
71	SPIKE	Upright, sepals totally free	parvispica
		Spreading. Sepals joined for 6mm.	vicentina
72	FLORAL BRACT	Not waxy coated	74
		Waxy coated	73
73	SPIKE	30 - 70 cm long, 4 cm wide. Petals dark blue.	rauhii
		From Peru
		to 25cm long, 6cm wide petals dark violet with	trauneri
		white edge, from Mexico
		10 - 20 cm long, 3 cm wide. Petals dark violet	ferreyrae
		to almost black. Floral bract with violet tip.
74	INFLORESCENCE	To 15 - 25 almost erect spikes	xerographica
		25 - 32 spikes ascending, each with 17-19	chalcatzingensis
		flowers, petals dark violet
		to 8-26 spikes spreading at right angles	callichroma
		to 20 arched recurving spikes, each to 80cm	superinsignis
		long, each with ca 35 flowers
		Up to 16 spikes	75
75	SEPAL	Not keeled	ecarinata
		Keeled	76
76	PETAL	Up to 5 cm long	78
		6 - 7 cm long	76A
76A	INFLORESCENCE	Pendant, laxly bipinnate	pamelae
		Erect	77
77	SPIKE	4cm wide, petals violet/blue	fasciculata
		2.5cm wide, petals violet/blue	tricolor
		2-4 cm wide, 8-25 cm long, petals dark violet	salmonea
		floral bracts apricot or salmon, chalky covering
		2cm wide, petals violet/blue, leafblade subulate	hubertiana
		2-3cm wide, petals reddish lilac	concolor
78	INFLORESCENCE	Numerous, more than 4 compound spikes	80
		2 -4 compound spikes	79
79	FLORAL BRACT	Inflated. Spike almost roundish, uniformly red	rhomboidea
		"Not inflated; spike almost flat. Floral bract"	tricolor
		and the base of the inflorescence red, the
		middle or above strawcoloured to green
80	RHACHIS	Visible	durangensis
		Not visible	80A
80A	LEAF	Blade 1.5 - 3.5 cm at base to 50 cm long,grey scaled	81
		Blade 5 cm wide at base to 70 cm long,	langlasseana
		green-grey. Spikes spreading, 10 - 12 flowered.	syn intumescens)
		Floral bract pink
81	SEPAL	Shorter than or equalling the floral bract.	81A
		Inflorescence to 40 cm long
		Longer than the floral bract.	polita
		Inflorescence to 11 cm long
81A	FLORAL BRACT	Straight or with slightly curved apex. Primary	dugesii
		bract especially for lower spikes has long blade.
		Elliptic with short hooked tip, Primary bracts	capistranoensis
		with short tip, Spikes to 1.5cm wide
		Forming a hood over the flower. Primary	rodrigueziana
		bracts with short or no blade. Spikes to
		2.5cm wide
		Forming a hood over the flower, primary bract	welzii
		with short or no blade, spikes to 1.5cm wide
		with 3cm long peduncle
82 (1)	INFLORESCENCE	Compound	121
		Simple	83
83	PLANT	Looks like Club Moss	pedicellata
		Does not look like Club Moss	84
84	FLOWER	Distichous or the inflorescence	92
		has 1 or 2 flowers
		Polystichous	85
85	SCAPE	Missing. Inflorescence short,	kammii
		cone shaped, sunk in the rosette
		Visible	86
86	PETAL	Rippled, twisted, sometimes blue	bergeri
		with whitish mid stripe
		Smooth, not rippled or twisted	87
87	PLANT	Stemless or very short stemmed	87A
		With stem	88
87A	FLORAL BRACT	6mm wide, posterior sepals to half connate	walter-richteri
		Leaf straight, almost upright. Inflorescence
		exceeding the leaves
		5mm wide, posterior sepals almost wholely	pseudomontana
		connate, inflo. As long as the leaves
		much exceeding 6mm wide.	87B
87B	LEAF	Many in a rosette,	stricta
		Blades narrowly triangular.
		Smaller in all parts than Type and leaves	stricta var piniformis
		secund. Floral bracts almost glabrous
		many in rosette, erect, blades very narrow (4mm)	seideliana
		Succulent, strongly secund	carminea
88	PLANT	With upright inflorescence	88A
		With bent hanging inflorescence	91
88A	INFLORESCENCE	Compact	89
		lax	88B
88B	SEPAL	20mm long, lepidote, floral bracts 27mm long	leonamiana
		11-13 mm long, glabrous, floral bracts 15-17 mm	hofackeri
		long. Petals almost white
		10mm long, glabrous, floral bracts long caudate	stricts v. albifolia
		15-26 mm long, glabrous, yellowish-green	witeckii
		floral bracts 19-34 mm yellowish green
89	LEAF	5 - 15 cm long, 0.2 - 1.3 cm wide	90
		3-4 cm long, 0.5cm wide, inflo 5-8 cm long	rohdenardini
		4-5 flowers
		2-4 cm long, 0.4-0.6 cm wide, Inflo 2 cm long,	chasmophyta
		greenish white, floral bracts pink lepidote, 2-4
		flowered
		8-10cm long, 1.5-1.8cm wide, green, floral bracts	ella
		red
		10-12 cm long, 1 - 1.3 cm wide, silvery green,	itaubensis
		floral bracts red
		14-17 cm long, 1.5-2cm wide, inflo 6-10cm long	winkleri
		8-10 flowers, petals to 2.5cm long
90	LEAF	Secund (bent one way)	90A
		not secund	90B
90A	SCAPE	exceeding leaf rosette, petal 3.8cm long, pale	polzii
		blue, leaf 11cm long
		included in leaf rosette, petal to 3.0 cm long,	neglecta
		blue, leaf 7cm long
90B	PETALS	dark blue	aeranthos
		light blue	jonesii
91	LEAF	Blades slender, 20 times as long as wide	91A
		Blades wider, 10 times as long as wide.	aeranthos
		Flower deep dark blue or grey blue.
		Key to Tillandsia aeranthos at 5/2006
		1. Petals dark blue 2
		1a Petals other colours 3
		2.Floral bracts yellow green var. albeobracteata
		2a Floral bracts rosy red 5
		3. Petals white 4
		3a Petals clear pink var. rosea
		4. Floral bracts pale yellow var. flava
		4aFloral bracts white var. alba
		5. Floral bracts to 2cm long var. aeranthos
		5aFloral bracts to 2.7cm long var. aemula
91A	SEPAL	Posterior ones joined.	tenuifolia
		Flower light blue to lilac
		teuifolia with leaf blades involute throughout	t. var. vaginata
		"tenuifol;ia with leaves NOT secund, flowers"	t. var tenuifolia
		polystichous
		tenuifolia with leaves NOT secund, flowers	t. var dungsiana
		polystichous, otherwise similar to var. saxicola
		tenuifolia with flowers distichous	t. var disticha
		tenuifolia with secund leaves, inflor exceeding	t. var surinamensis
		leaves
		tenuifolia with leaves NOT secund, light green	cultivar 'Strobiliform
		tenuifolia with secund leaves	t. var saxicola
		Free. Flower blue	montana
92 (84)	FLOWER	Arranged densely distichous on rhachis	102
		which is not visible. Inflorescence sword shaped
		Arranged laxly on rhachis which is visible	93
		or the inflorescence is 1 or 2 flowered
		Few, see stricta, known from type collectio only	stricta v disticha
93	PLANT	With long leaves (over 5 cm long )	96
		When shorter, leaves are distichous
		With short leaves (up to 5 cm long ), stiff, hard	94
		almost succulent, triangular arranged in a whorl,
		leaves upright.
94	INFLORESCENCE	3 - 8 flowering	peiranoi
		1 - 2 flowering	95
95	PETAL BLADE	hardly spreading	95A
		spreading	95B
95A	PETAL BLADE	Scarcely spreading, small, 2-3mm wide, bracts	brealitoensis
		and sepals lepidote
		Scarcely spreading, small, 2 - 3mm wide, bracts	aizoides
		and sepals glabrous
95B	PETALS	10mm long, 12mm wide, leaves narrow triangular	kirschnekii
		15mm long, 4mm wide at base
		35mm long, 8mm wide, leaves triangular	rosarioae
		35 x19mm
96	LEAF	"narrow triangular; flower densely or almost"	96A
		densely arranged on rhachis .
		Thin awllike to filiform or grasslike.	97
96A	LEAF	To 50 cm long	96B
		to 28cm long, inflo to 27cm long, floral bract	rhodosticta
		red with violet apex exceeding sepal
		To 17 cm long	96C
96B	PETAL	8 cm long, blade large, spreading, bright blue.	pretiosa
		4.2 cm long, thin, tongue shaped	mazatlanensis
96C	LEAF	To 17 cm long.	96D
		to 12 cm long, mostly secund, petals lioght lilac	pfeufferi
		10-12 cm long. Spike narrow, few flowered	zecheri v.
		(to 5 ). Rhachis not visible.	cafayatensis
		ca 5 cm long, coarsely pruinose lepidote	z forma brealitoensis
		4.5 - 9 cm long, spike 4 cm long, 12 mm wide	violaceiflora
		rhachis a little visible, floral bracts longer than
		sepals
96D	OFFSET	on long stolons, petals with appendage	espinosae
		virtually no stolon, spike wide (to 14 mm)	zecheri
		5 - 10 flowered, rhachis just visible
97	FLOWER	Spread out on rhachis. Inflorescence 4 - 8	caerulea
		flowering light blue. Petal blade to 7mm wide.
		Leaves spirally arranged.
		Close to each other on rhachis	98
98	INFLORESCENCE	4 or more flowering	98A
		1 - 3 flowering	99
98A	FLORAL BRACT	dense lepidote. Leaves to 4 mm wide	marconae
		Soon glabrous Leaves 4-6 mm wide	paleacea
99	PETAL	Small, dull, thin triangular.	99A
		Blue, petal blade 2mm long, 1 mm wide
		large, striking, with wide petal blade.	100
99A	SCAPE	Short at flowering, without bracts. Can extend	99B
		to 8cm long after flowering. Leaves 1-4 cm long
		To 13cm long, with 1 or 2 bracts.Leaves 3-17cm long	recurvata
99B	FLORAL BRACT	Almost round. Sepals stocky with strongly	capillaris
		developed nerves. Petals lancelike.
		Broad, triangular. Sepals slender with	virescens
		weakly developed nerves. Petals tongue shaped.
100	PLANT	Stemless, leaves erect, thin, grasslike, to 38 cm	linearis
		long. Petal blade 10 - 14 mm wide
		" More or less with a stem; leaves"	101
		awllike, filiform, spreading out
101	PETAL BLADE	11 mm long, 7 - 9 mm wide. Leaves laxly	mallemontii
		arranged distichously, to 12 cm long, stem longer.
		6 mm long, 5 mm wide. Leaves arranged	bandensis
		densely distichous to 10 cm long. Stem short.
102 (92)	INFLORESCENCE	Comes from the middle of the leaf rosette	104
		Comes from the leaf axils at the side of the	103
		leaf rosette.
103	INFLORESCENCE	Upright, a shining red short swordshaped.	multicaulis
		Leaves not exceeding the scape.
		Ascending to hanging, the thin red or green	complanata
		sword is longer. Scape thin.
104	PLANT	With dense grey scales on leaves	108
		With green leaves, dense white waxy on outside	kauffmannii
		Green, not grey scaled, but often reddish brown	105
		stripes or blotched leaves.
105	PLANT	With hanging inflorescence, leaves tongue	brenneri
		shaped, green with red brown flecks.
		With upright inflorescence	106
106	PETAL	Thin lance-like to elliptic, towards the tip,	anceps
		blue. Spike green or dark red.
		Forming a tube, dark violet with appendage,	frank-hasei
		Spike to 15cm long
		forming a tube, blue. Plant flowering to 6-10 dm	fendleri var reducta
		Sometimes digitate with few spikes
		With 2.5 cm wide striking petal blade.	107
107	SCAPE	Very short,bracts rose/red, not nerved.	cyanea
		Flower with dark blue throat. From Ecuador
		(According to Gilmartin, Bromeliaceae of
		Ecuador , scape 7 to 23 cm and flowers
		sometimes with white throat )
		Long. Flower dark blue, throat white.	107A
107A	INFLORESCENCE	To 7 cm long. 4 - 6 flowered. Floral bracts green	lindeniana
		prominently nerved. From Ecuador	was umbellata
108 (104)	FLORAL BRACT	Light red, dark red or purple	117
		Yellow drying brown, Petals to 4cm long	cathcartii
		variegated red, green, and yellow, leaf blades	geissei
		filiform, tips often twisted
		green, reddish brown or brownish green.	109
109	LEAF	"Thin grasslike; Inflorescence"
		not exceeding the leaves,
		petal platte (blade) orbicular, opening flat	linearis
		petal platte (blade) apiculate, slightly spreading	chaetophylla
		Not grasslike	110
110	SCAPE	Longer than the leaves	114
		Shorter than the leaves	111
111	INFLORESCENCE	15 cm long, 2 cm wide. Floral bract green.	esseriana
		Flower large light violet. Petal blade 2 cm wide
		To 9 cm long.	112
112	SCAPE	Bent, Inflorescence bent, 6 cm long, 1.5 cm wide	cochabambae
		"Upright or missing; Inflorescence upright"	113
		to 15mm long, Inflo erect then strongly reflexed	recurvispica
		floral bracts soon strawlike
113	PETAL BLADE	8mm wide, flaring a little at tip,	guerreroensis
		Scape to 5cm long
		6mm wide, flaring at top, petals reddish blue	friesii
		Scape missing
		2mm wide. Weakly flaring.	lorentziana blue form
114 (110)	FLORAL BRACT	Shorter than the sepals	streptocarpa
		about equalling sepals with long stem	paleacea
		paleacea with short stem	subsp apurimacensis
		paleacea with sort stem and distichous leaves	forma disticha
		Longer than sepals	115
115	PLANT	"Stemless; Inflorescence weakly inflated"	walteri
		With stem	115A
115A	PLANT	Short stem. Floral bract reddish brown.	lorentziana
		Long stem	116
116	PLANT	Long stem. Leaves dense grey scaled,	paleacea
		spreading. Floral bract green
		Long stem. Leaves grey scaled, erect.	arhiza
		Long stem, leaves grey scaled, erect, petals	ramellae
		with spreading blade to 6mm wide and
		undulate edges
117 (108)	PLANT	Stemless	119
		With stem	117A
117A	LEAF	With grey scales, almost fur like	117B
		With grey scales, not fur like	118
117B	LEAF BLADE	With dense interwoven grey hair covering to	tafiensis
		2 cm wide. Petals violet. Floral bracts straw
		coloured with red or violet suffusions
		With fur like grey scales, to 4mm wide.	graomogolensis
		Petals blue violet with white throat (similar to
		streptocarpa)
		With hairy scales, to 8mm wide, Upper bracts	cardenasii
		dark purple, lepidote.Floral bracts dark purple,	& pseudocardenasii
		glabrous.
118	LEAF	Short triangular to lance-like.	118A
		Very thin, long, lancelike-awllike towards	ura
		the tip. Inflorescence to 1.4 cm wide
118A	PETAL	edges wavy	118C
		edges not wavy	118B
118B	INFLORESCENCE	8-9cm long, 2cm wide	cauligera
		4cm long, 1.4cm wide, petals light violet blue,	oropezana
		leaf tip awllike
		3-4cm long, to 1cm wide petal edges flat	colganii
118C	PLANT	short caulescent	gerdae
		long caulescent	yuncharaensis
119	FLORAL BRACT	Not keeled. Inflorescence 11 cm long.	walteri
		Petals dark violet
		Not keeled at base, keeled at tip, Inflorescence	hegeri
		6cm long, 2cm wide, petals blue violet
		Keeled	120
120	LEAF SHEATH	Dark brown scales	floribunda
		Same colour as blade	krahnii
121 (82)	PLANT	Stemless	127
		Stemless, leaves green with reddish edges and	dorotheehaseae
		tip, Inflorescence pyramidal, violet to reddish
		waxy. Filaments fused into a tube
		stem to 40cm long, leaves green with waxy	kauffmannii
		coating on outside
		Long or short stem	121A
121A	FLORAL BRACTS	yellow green	121B
		other colours	122
121B	INFLORESCENCE	hanging, over 1m long, predominantly yellow	samaipatensis
		erect, to 1m high, floral bracts greenish yellow	tragophoba
122	FLORAL BRACT	straw coloured, spikes 2 flowered sometimes 1,	rupicola
		inflo ellipsoid to 24cm long, leaves narrow with
		long scales
		Shiny violet-black, up to 5 digitate spikes	cardenasii v. major
		spikes densely distichous, 6-12 cm long, 7-15
		flowers
		Green, red or reddish brown	122A
122A	FLORAL BRACT	Red or rose	122B
		Red and waxy Inflorescence pendant to 1.2m	demissa
		long
		Green or reddish green to reddish brown	123
122B	LEAF	Strongly secund.	122C
		Not secund	122D
122C	LEAF	4 to 5 cm long. Scape red. Sepals red.	sucrei
		Petal red/violet.
		9 - 10 cm long. Scape green. Sepals white to	gardneri v. rupicola
		pale pink. Petals violet/pink (according to Weber)
122D	LEAF	Grey with scurfy scales	reducta
		green, ligulate, to 50 x 6cm, inflo dense bipinnate	violascens
		Grey green with appressed scales.	122E
122E	PLANT	With long stem, flowering to 1m. high.	chartacea
		Inflo. Subdigitate, spikes to 12cm long
		Petal white with pinkish violet blade.
		Stemmed, flowering to 1m high, Inflo. to 50cm	oroyensis
		long, ca 17 spikes, erect, to 5cm long, flowers
		not secund
		Stemmed, flowering to 1m high, Inflo. To 80cm	oroyensis
		long, flowers secund	var. secundiflora
		With short stem, flowering to 50cm high. Petal	cerrateana
		red/violet. Inflorescence almost capitate.
		with short stem, flowering to 18cm high. Petal	ermitae
		dark violet, Once branched with 4-5 side branch
123	SEPAL	to 3cm long, posterior pair almost free, petals	helmutii
		to 4.7cm long, pale violet
		To 1.4 cm long, unequally joined for 1 - 2mm.	123A
		Leaf tip tubular spiral or recurving
		Plant with long stem
		7 - 9mm long, short connate, petals appendaged	myriantha
		Inflorescence sub-globose
		All free, or uniformly a little connate	124
123A	INFLORESCENCE	To 60 cm long. Leaf tip spiral. Scape stout.	duratii
		To 7 cm long. Leaf tip recurved.	reichenbachii
		Scape slender
124	FLORAL BRACT	"Shorter than sepals; leaf wide"	streptocarpa
		Leaf tips almost bent into a hook
		A little shorter than sepals, olive green,	peiranoi
		glabrous, leaves to 5cm long, succulent
		Longer than the sepals	125
125	INFLORESCENCE	Densely compound, cylindric - oval 4 - 4.5 cm	pampasensis
		long with longer stem.
		Densely compound, capitate, with large red	calochlamys
		primary bracts , petals top1/3 mauve bottom
		2/3 white
		Compound, with slightly spreading 2-7 spikes	koehresiana
		Laxly compound, not dense. cylindric - oval.	126
126	PETAL BLADE	2 cm wide and 2.2 cm long, light violet.	esseriana
		to 5 mm. wide	lorentziana
127 (121)	LEAVES	Spotted	127A
		not spotted	127D
127A	INFLORESCENCE	tripinnate to quadripinnate, spikes 9x2cm, petals	maculata
		violet, from Ecuador and Peru
		Tripinnate, spikes 9cm x 9mm, petals black violet	makrini
		from Mexico
		bipinnate	127B
127B	LEAF	markings spots and bands dark brown, inflo lax	roezlii
		floral bract green with red apex
		spots purple	127C
127C	INFLORESCENCE	globular, to 25cm long, subdense, floral bracts	sigmoidea
		S' shaped at tip
		ellipsoid, dense, to 18cm long	dudleyi
		cylindric, dense, over 35cm long, flowering to	superba
		2m high
127D	LEAVES	green	141A
		Dense grey scaled	128
128	INFLORESCENCE	Capitate or dense upright, compound spike.	129
		With sometimes one side spike, lax after	genseri
		anthesis, sepals pale carmine
		Not capitate, laxly arranged, compound spike	133
129	INFLORESCENCE	Nestling in the rosette	idus
		(now considered a hybrid)
		On a longer stem	130
130	PRIMARY BRACT	At least the lower, longer than the spike.	131
		Always shorter than the spike	132
131	INFLORESCENCE	Globose capitate, leaves spreading, Primary	sphaerocephala
		bracts and floral bracts reddish
		sphaerocephala but inflor only 3 cm long,	sphaerocephala
		1-1.5 cm wide	v. tarijensis
		Elliptic capitate, leaves secund, Primary bracts	imporaensis
		and floral bracts shiny red
		Ovoid, ellipsoid or subcylindric, 10-15 cm	turneri
		rarely to 30 cm long, 6-7 cm diam, spikes 4-6 cm
		long, floral bracts red, sepals 18-20 mm long
		turneri with inflor of few spikes or simple	turneri v orientalis
		sepals 13-15 mm long
		turneri with inflor subcylindric to 30 cm long	turneri v patens
		branches spreading
		Cylindric or bipinnate	131A
131A	SPIKE	2 - 3 flowered. Inflorescence cylindric -oval	pampasensis
		to 4.5cm long
		6-8 flowered, inflo fusiform, to 15cm long	zaratensis
		10-12 flowered. Inflorescence bipinnate,	interrupta
		50cm long
132	FLORAL BRACT	Pink or rose	132A
		Green to lilac, shiny	floribunda
132A	SCAPE	13 cm long. Floral bract pink, inflo to 10cm long	horstii
		( ? hybrid chapeuensis x stricta)
		15cm long, inflo to 50cm long, with more than	lagunarnsis
		30 erect side spikes
		4 cm long. Floral bract rose, inflo to 4cm long	kautskyi
		( Renate Ehlers - petals pink and only
		difference with T. sprengeliana is texture of leaves )
133	PLANT	With thickened base, bulblike,	filifolia
		leaf thin grasslike, filiform
		Without thickened bulblike base	134
134	LEAF	Not forming a funnel rosette,	streptocarpa
		thin linear, wide to reflexed
		forming a crateriform rosette, flowering to 1.7m	adpressiflora
		high, inflorescence bipinnate to tripinnate
		Forming a funnel rosette	135
135	FLOWER	Dense to almost dense, arranged	137
		distichously on rhachis
		Laxly arranged on rhachis flowering on one side.	136
136	SPIKE	To 50 cm long, floral bract plump, green	marnier - lapostollei
		5 - 10 cm long, floral bract pale carmine red.	laminata
137	SEPAL	Not keeled, Inflorescence tripinnate, erect	ecarinata
		but spikes pendent. Petals blue-violet
		Not keeled, Inflo. tripinnate, erect, spikes erect	pinnato-digitata
		to spreading, petals violet
		Not keeled,Inflorescence bipinnate erect to	heterandra
		slightly bent. Spikes slightly spreading from
		axis, petals blue-rose and appendaged
		posterior ones keeled or at least keeled	138
		on the side
138	LEAF	Filiform awllike, stiff, 4mm wide at middle,	floribunda
		"Inflorescence with short stem; spike arranged"
		almost like fingers
		Narrow triangular	139
139	INFLORESCENCE	Two spikes, leaf sheath to 2.5cm wide,	krahnii
		strongly nerved - Peru
		2 - 3 spikes, leaf sheath to 2cm wide, Mexico	guerroensis
		More spikes	140
140	SCAPE	Bent to hanging to 3 cm long.	comarapaensis
		Inflorescence compound, to 4cm long
		bent to hanging down, to 30cm long, inflo	schultzii
		compound to 35cm long
		Erect	141
141	SCAPE	To 25 cm long. Inflorescence 30 cm long. Spikes	gymnobotrya
		to 1.5cm wide
		To 25cm long, Inflo to 50cm long, Spikes ca 15	piepenbringii
		to 1cm wide at flowering, petals serrated at tip
		To 1 metre long. Inflorescence to 2 metres long	hirtzii
		Not dense, not narrow pyramidal and tripinnate
		at base	142A
141A (127D)	INFLORESCENCE	Not dense, but narrow pyramidal and tripinnate
		at base	141B
		densely to laxly bipinnate, cylindric, mainly	stenoura
		glabrous, red. Spikes 9-29 cm long
		stenoura with inflor 25 cm long, spikes erect	stenoura v mauroi
		5-10 cm long, floral bracts 30-35 mm long
		not dense,narrow pyramidal, once branched	santieusebii
		throughout, floral br red to light green
		exceeding sepals
		Not dense, tripinnate, floral bracts exceeded by	sagasteguii
		sepals, spikes to 25 cm long
		Not dense but narrow pyramidal and
		quadripinnate at base, to 1.5m long	oxapampae
		Very dense	142
		dense, short stipitate, 5-7cm long, 8-14 flowered
		lower ones sometimes scorpioid decurved	buseri
141B	SPIKES	dense, 9-29cm long, many flowered, erect to	stenoura v tripinnata
		spreading
		Subdense	141C
		Very lax	laxissima
		laxissima but plant larger eg. Leaves to 85 cm	laxissima v moorei
		floral bracts 10-12 mm long
		Suberect to spreading, floral bracts red/purple
141C	SPIKES	Spreading to deflexed, floral bracts greenish	longifolia
		Capitate to 7 x 5cm, with 10-20 spikes	krukoffiana
142	INFLORESCENCE	capitate, 15x10cm, hanging	lautneri
		ellipsoid, 14cm long, primary bracts orbicular,	rudolfii
		glabrous, with long, lepidote red blades,
		leaf green on top, grey lepidote beneath	orbicularis
		Cylindric (candle like)	142F
142A	INFLORESCENCE	cylindric to 40cm long, primary bracts orange	compacta
		yellow, scape decurved
		cylindric, to 50cm long, primary bracts red,	rubella
		scape erect
		Spindle shaped, floral bracts red, petals purple	bongarana
		with white tips
		Not narrow cylindric nor spindle shaped	142B
		Exceeds lower spikes	142C
		About equaling lower spikes, scape erect then
		decurved, inflorescence tripinnate	australis
		About equalling lower spikes, scape erect,
		inflorescence bipinnate	cuatrecasasii
		Shorter than lower spikes	143
142C	FLORAL BRACTS	exceed sepals	142D
		less than sepals	coinaensis
142D	SCAPE	curved, spike 5cm wide	confertiflora
		erect,	142E
142E	INFLORESCENCE	Laxly bipinnate to tripinnate, 1 - 2 sterile bracts	excelsa
		leaves ligulate
		laxly bipinnate, leaves linear attenuate	restrepoana
		Densely bipinnate, 3-5 sterile bracts	emergens
142F	INFLORESCENCE	to 60cm long, Axis thick to 1.2cm	pachyaxon
		30-50cm long, axis not thick, primary bracts	pastensis
		exceeding the bottom spikes, spikes erect
		40x11cm, axis not thick, primary bracts exceeding	sceptriformis
		the bottom spikes, red, spikes divergent
		to 30cm long,	142G
142G	PRIMARY BRACTS	light red, blades glabrous, Inflo to 30cm long	ionochroma
		light red, blades strongly lepidote, Inflo to	fusiformis
		15cm x 3cm
143	PLANT	Thickened bulblike at base	filifolia
		Leaves thin, grasslike to filiform
		Not thickened bulblike at base	144
144	FLOWER	Flowering on one side, (secund)	144A
		Arranged distichously	145
144A	INFLORESCENCE	Very lax tripinnate	marnier-lapostollei
		bipinnate, branches to 16cm long	cucullata
		bipinnate, branches to 40cm long	koideae
145	SPIKE	Laxly 2 flowered	biflora
		Dense many flowered	146
146	INFLORESCENCE	To 2 spikes	brenneri
		3 or more spikes	147
147	LEAF / INFLORESCENCE	Without grey waxy coating	151
		With grey waxy coating	148
148	SEPAL	Fused at the back to 7mm high	pomacochae
		Floral bracts green and the tip
		carmine red to light violet, wax frosted.
		Free at the back	149
149	INFLORESCENCE	Tripinnate 60 cm long	glauca
		Compound	150
150	FLORAL BRACT	Over part of the inflorescence dark blue-violet	reuteri
		Reddish violet, inflorescence hanging	clavigera var. pendula
		Light purple violet, Inflo erect, to 40cm high	purpurascens
151 (147)	PRIMARY BRACT	Shorter than the spike also the	154
		bottom one of the inflorescence
		Longer than the spike, at least	152
		the bottom spike of the inflorescence
152	INFLORESCENCE	Bipinnate	leiboldiana
		Tripinnate	153
153	LEAF	Tongue shaped, the back of the sepals joined	guatemalensis
		for a short distance
		( Renate Ehlers - inflorescence can be bipinnate )
		Thin triangular, sepals free	gymnobotrya
154	FLORAL BRACT	Not keeled	159
		Keeled at tip	154A
		Keeled	155
154A	INFLORESCENCE	Tripinnate, very lax	makrinii
		Bipinnate	154B
		erect with spikes spreading to recurved,
		10-30cm long	154C
		bent with secund hanging spikes	154D
154C	SEPALS	Strongly nerved, floral bracts longer than sepals	nervisepala
		Even, Floral bracts about equalling sepals	fendleri
		Even, Floral bracts about equalling sepals	fendleri var reducta
		Sometimes digiatae from few spikes
154D	FLORAL BRACT	keeled at tip, floral bracts fine scaled, reddish	clavigera
		violet
		keeled at tip, floral bracts abaxially glabrous	francisci
		greenish yellow with violet brown tips and
		margins
155	FLORAL BRACT	Scaled, greenish brown. Petals with a 1.6 mm	hamaleana
		wide blade. Throat white.
		Sparsely lepidote, Inflorescence to 50cm long	hoeijeri
		with branches mainly secund
		Not scaled on outside	155A
155A	FLORAL BRACT	Totally glabrous	156
		glabrous but a few scales at tip, with waxy	romeroi
		coating, infloshort axis, to 5 complanate spikes
		terminal the longest at 30cm
		romeroi but flowering to 40 cm not 100cm	romeroi v gruberi
		Leaf sheaths very dark violet
		Glabrous outside, scaled inside	155B
155B	INFLORESCENCE	To 30cm long, with 14 spikes, to 6cm long	barbeyana
		To 35cm long, 6-8 spikes to 18cm long	lajensis
		To 80cm long, floral bracts chestnut brown	denudata
		To 80cm long, floral bracts green, plantlets from	denudata v. vivipara
		peduncle
156	FLORAL BRACT	"Pink - lilac; Petal with 6 - 9 mm"	wagneriana
		wide,. deep dark blue blade
		Golden yellow, Inflorescence to 1m high	kessleri
		tripinnate at base then bipinnate
		Other colours	157
157	INFLORESCENCE	With young plants attached	161
		Without young plants attached	157A
157A	INFLORESCENCE	Hanging. Sepals joined for 1/2 length.	beutelspacheri
		Erect	158
158	FLORAL BRACT	Inflated, only lower ones a little keeled	lucida
		Flattened	158A
158A	INFLORESCENCE	laxly pyramidal, branches spreading	pyramidata
		short pinnate to subdigitate, branches erect	deppeana
		digitate, branches only 5cm long	brevilingua
		bipinnate to 20cm long, 4-5 spikes, erect,	kuntzeana
		5-10cm long
		Bipinnate to 40cm long, spikes to 15cm long	macrodactylon
159 (154)	SPIKE	20 - 60 cm long, 1.5 cm thick	159A
		ca 2 - 15 cm long, 0.7 - 5 cm wide.	160
159A	SPIKE	Rodlike, cylindric.	eres
		Flattened, complanate to 40 cm long.	elongata
		Flattened, complanate to 20 cm long.	var subimbricata
160	INFLORESCENCE	Bipinnate	160A
		Tripinnate	160B
160A	FLOWER	Violet-pink. Spike 5 - 6 cm long, 7-8 mm wide	latifolia v. divaricata
		Pale violet, spike 13 cm long, 25 mm wide	subconcolor
160B	STYLE	very short, shorter than the stamens, petals	platyrhachis
		dark violet, spikes ca 15cm long, 5cm wide
		about as long as stamens	160C
160C	SPIKES	nodding, floral bracts 17mm long,	boliviana
		spreading to bent downwards, floral bracts	elvirae-grossiae
		12mm long, pale carmine red on one side
		spreading, floral bracts 12mm long, violet to	tovarensis
		dark violet
161 (157)	SCAPE	3 cm thick	pyramidata v. vivapara
		6 mm thick	somnians