Martínez 2019 (Dissertation) Catopsis [esp]

Filogenia de Catopsis Griseb. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae)

Author(s):—N. Martínez C.

Publication:—UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA (2019).

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Abstract:—Catopsis comprises epiphytic and rupiculous herbs distributed throughout Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. The genus is more diverse in Mexico, where more than 85 % of its species inhabit. Catopsis is characterized by its seeds with an appendage formed by numerous hairs at the chalaza. Most species are dioecious although others are monoecious and trioecious. In this paper are presented a taxonomic treatment, one phylogenetic hypothesis obtained with morphological and molecular data, and one proposal on the evolution of sexual systems present in the genus. This work was based on the revision of 2 388 herbarium specimens from 37 herbaria, corresponding to 2 257 collections, as well as in the collection of live plants and chloroplast DNA sequences (rps16 and matK). Catopsis comprises 26 species and one variety, five of which are described here as new to science. Catopsis compacta, C. occulta, C. paniculata, C. pendula, C. wawranea and Catopsis sp. 5 are endemic to Mexico, whereas C. pisiformis is endemic to Panama and C. werckleana is known only from Costa Rica. In the taxonomic treatment, the nomenclature is clarified, as well as the typification of the genus, to each species the acepted name and synonym are included, as well as a description, wich is completed with data related to morphology, phenology and geographic distribution. A key to identify the species is provided. The phylogenetic hypotheses obtained suggest that Catopsis is monophyletic, but it is not possible recognize subgenera. Evolutionary patterns are observed within the species related to the number of leaves in the rosette, the shape of the foliar blade, the shape and length of the peduncle bracts, the shape of primary bracts, and the shape of the
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petals. Of all species, 22.22 % are monoecious, 55.55 % are dioecious, and 18.15 % are trioecious. The hypothesis of the evolution of sexual systems suggests that dioecy is the plesiomorphic character and that both trioecy and monoecy are evolutionary novelties for Catopsis.

Pages: 498