Fernandes M. 2009 (Dissertation) Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae

Estudos anatômicos e filogenéticos em Bromelia L. (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae)

Author(s):—R. Fernandes Monteiro

Publication:—Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (2009).

Abstract:—Anatomical and phylogenetic studies in Bromelia (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae)
Bromelia comprises 56 species grouped into three sub-genera: Bromelia, Distiacanthus and Karatas has a geographic distribution that extends from Mexico to the south of Argentina, with two centers of diversity: Brazilian Shield and Central America. Genus emerges in Bromelioideae base, with numerous subfamily problems of generic delimitation. Whereas few studies phylogenetic including more than one species of Bromelia and using morphological characters external and anatomical, this study aimed to carry out a phylogenetic analysis Bromelia seeking to verify the monophyly of the genus, as well as their subgenera, and better understand the interspecific evolutionary relationships in the genus and intergeneric in Bromelioideae.
A study of leaf structure of 27 species of Bromelia was carried out by setting up 27 characters that assisted in the phylogeny of the genus. For parsimony analysis 38 terminals were selected: 25 species Bromelia, 11 other genera of Bromelioideae and rooting was made in Encholirium spectabile and Puya nana. Two trees were obtained also parsimonious with 796 steps, and indicate that the constituency should be Bromelia magazine since Fernseea emerges within the genus. The subgenera Bromelia, Karatas are not monophyletic unlike Distiacanthus and should not be taxonomic categories considered. However, low support for the tree obtained suggests the need for further phylogenetic studies of the genus previously the taxonomic changes.

Leaf structure of Bromelia (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) and its relevance for systematics.

Despite the numerous studies focusing the Bromeliaceae, only a few include the genus Bromelia in further detail. Therefore, little is known about the usefulness anatomical characters in the study of Bromelia systematics.
Recent anatomical studies linked with external morphologic characters within genera and subgenera of subfamily Bromelioideae have been fundamental in solving the taxonomic delimitation of these groups. The current work analyzed 27 species of Bromelia to evaluate the relevance of anatomical characters to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus. Among the most important characters for the systematics of this group are: the adaxial and abaxial surface of the leaf-blade, epidermical cell shape and wall thickenings, number of cells in the pediculous of the leaf-scales, position of the stomata, thickening of the hypodermis mechanical cells, shape of the cells and size of the water storage tissue, transition between water storage tissue and chlorenchyma, shape of air parenchyma cells, presence of clusters of fibers in the larger vascular bundles, radiated disposition of sheath parenchymatic cells, fiber projections of the minor vascular bundles and the presence of raphids and secretory channels.

Keywords:—anatomy, monocots, taxonomy, South America, Central America, systematic

Pages: 84